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Too Cold (cont.)
Hypothermia
According to the Search and Rescue Association of British Columbia:
"Man is considered to be a tropical
animal. Normal functioning ... requires a body temperature of 37
degrees
Celsius (98.6 degrees
Fahrenheit)...
plus or minus perhaps 1 degree.
The response to a downward
variation in body temperature is shivering, which is the body's
attempt to generate heat. ... This muscle action
creates heat through friction. Hypothermia is defined as a core
temperature of less than 35 degrees Celsius. "
If you didn’t
catch the math, that’s a drop
of only two degrees from normal!
Many variables contribute to the
development of hypothermia. Age, health, nutrition, body size,
exhaustion, exposure, duration of
exposure, wind, temperature, wetness, medication and intoxicants may decrease
heat production, increase heat loss, or interfere with thermostability.
Ok,
so what are the signs of Impending Hypothermia?
Core temperature
has decreased to 36 degrees Celsius. The person will increase
activity in an attempt to warm up. The skin may become
pale, numb and waxy. Muscles become tense, shivering may begin
but can be overcome by activity. Fatigue and signs of weakness begin
to show.
For many of us, this sounds familiar, doesn’t
it? A little Mild Hypothermia doesn’t seem that bad:
"The core temperature has dropped to 35
- 34 degrees Celsius. Uncontrolled, intense shivering begins. The
victim is still alert and able to help
self, however movements become less coordinated and the coldness
is creating some pain and discomfort.
But this is
a warning—by the time you start feeling
this way, you should pull off the road and do something
about your condition,
or it can worsen:
Core temperature has now dropped to
33 - 31 degrees Celsius. Shivering slows or stops,
muscles begin to
stiffen and mental confusion
and apathy sets in... breathing becomes slower and shallow,
and drowsiness
and strange behavior may occur."
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